Research

Working Papers

• The Effects of School Building HVAC System Conditions on Student Academic and Behavioral Outcomes. (with Moontae Hwang and Marzuka Ahmad Radia). EdWorkingPaper 24-093.
• Contemporary Child Labor and Declining School Attendance in the U.S.. (with Melissa Arnold Lyon, Ji Hyun Byeon, and Stephen Holt). EdWorkingPaper 25-1302.
• Strictly Speaking: Examining Teacher Use of Punishment and Student Outcomes. (with Stephen Holt, Katie Vinopal, and Heasun Choi). EdWorkingPaper 22-563.
• The Sources of Researcher Variation in Economics. (with Nick Huntington-Klein, Claus Portner, Ian McCarthy, and the Many Economists Collaborative). NBER Working Paper 33729.

Publications

• Forthcoming.Unequal Foundations: Racial Disparities in School Building Conditions in New York State. (with Sodiq Ambali and Miyeun Jung). Educational Researcher.
• 2025.On the Margin: Who Receives a Juvenile Referral in School and What Effect Does It Have?. (with Andrea Headley and Stephen Holt). Journal of Policy Analysis and Management.
• 2024. Truth and Illusion: Can a Transparency Reform Contribute to Accountable Taxing Behavior?. (with Youngsung Kim). Local Government Studies.
• 2023. The Thin Blue Line in Schools: New Evidence on School-Based Policing Across the U.S.. (with Montserrat Avila Acosta, Shawn Bushway, and John Engberg). Journal of Policy Analysis and Management.
• 2022. Getting Tough? The Effects of Discretionary Principal Discipline on Student Outcomes. (with Shawn Bushway and Elizabeth Gifford). Education Finance and Policy.
• 2022. Teacher Attrition and the Business Cycle. (with Joshua Eagan, Nayoung Hwang, Cory Koedel, and Helen Ladd). Teachers College Record.
• 2021. The Distributional Effects of Property Tax Constraints on School Districts. (with Youngsung Kim and Moontae Hwang). National Tax Journal.
• 2021. Sorting it Out: The Effects of Charter School Expansion on Teacher and Student Composition at Traditional Public Schools. (with Stephen Holt). Economics of Education Review.
• 2021. Sociodemographic Characteristics and Inequities Associated with Access to In-Person and Remote Elementary Schooling During the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York State. (with Ashley Fox, Jun Soo Lee, and Erika Martin). JAMA Network Open.
• 2021. Making Schools Safer and/or Escalating Disciplinary Response: A Study of Police Officers in North Carolina Schools. (with Yinzhi Shen and Shawn Bushway). Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis.
• 2021. Empowering the Frontline: Internal and External Organizational Antecedents of Teacher Empowerment. (with Michael Minsung Kang and Soohyun Park). Public Management Review.
• 2021. The Importance of Place: Effects of Community Job Loss on College Enrollment and Attainment Across Rural and Metropolitan Regions. (with Moontae Hwang). AERA Open.
• 2020. Illusory Success of Performance Management: The Case of Contracts for Excellence in New York School Districts. (with Philip Gigliotti). Public Management Review.
• 2020. The Hidden Costs of Teacher Turnover. (with Helen Ladd). AERA Open.
• 2020. Locking Up My Generation: Cohort Differences in Prison Spells Over the Life Course. (with Yinzhi Shen, Shawn Bushway, Herbert Smith). Criminology.
• 2019. Caught in the Crunch: School District Financial Condition and Performance. (with Youngsung Kim). State and Local Government Review.
• 2019. “Big Data” in Educational Administration: An Application for Predicting High School Dropout Risk. Educational Administration Quarterly.
• 2019. Lead Exposure and Academic Achievement: Evidence from Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Efforts. (with Ashley Fox, Heyjie Jung, Erika Martin). Journal of Population Economics.
• 2018. Educational Resources and Student Achievement: Evidence from the Save Harmless Provision in New York State. (with Philip Gigliotti). Economics of Education Review.
• 2017. From Parents to Peers: Trajectories in Sources of Academic Influence Grades 4 to 8. (with Philip Cook and Kenneth Dodge). Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis.
• 2017. Returns to Teacher Experience: Student Achievement and Motivation in Middle School. (with Helen Ladd). Education Finance and Policy.
• 2016. How Does the Fast Track Intervention Prevent Adverse Outcomes in Young Adulthood? (with Kenneth Dodge and the CPPRG). Child Development.

LPI Reports and Briefs

• 2026. Trends in California's Teacher Workforce: Understanding Supply, Demand, and Shortages. (with Melanie Leung-Gagne, Desiree Carver-Thomas, Susan Patrick, Tiffany Tan, and Linda Darling-Hammond). Stanford University, SCALE Initiative.
• 2026. California's Teacher Shortages: Trends in Supply, Demand, and Turnover. (with Melanie Leung-Gagne, Desiree Carver-Thomas, Susan Patrick, Tiffany Tan, Linda Darling-Hammond, Thomas Smith, and Yiwang Li). Learning Policy Institute.

Other Policy Pieces

• Why school referrals to the juvenile justice system are often unfair and harmful. (Brookings Institute)
• Why school referrals to the juvenile justice system are often unfair and harmful. (Brookings Institute)
• A Review of New York State's Foundation Aid Education Funding Formula with Recommendations for Improvement. (contributed to) (Rockefeller Institute of Government)
• Navigating the tradeoffs of police in schools (Brookings Institute)
• Contextualizing the Push for More School Resource Officer Funding (Urban Institute Learning Curve)
• Do principals hold the key to fixing school discipline? (Brookings Institute)
• Protecting the health of vulnerable children and adolescents during COVID-19-related K-12 school closures (JAMA Health Forum)
• Lead remediation: A surprising policy solution for reducing the educational achievement gap (WT Grant Foundation)
• School spankings are banned just about everywhere around the world except in US (The Conversation)
• Teacher turnover and the disruption of teacher staffing (Brookings Institute)
• Virginia Is for Teachers? An Analysis of the State's Teacher Demand and Supply (Rockefeller Institute of Government)
• How can we prevent criminal delinquency? Start early and focus on soft skills (NIH OBSSR Connector)
• Self-regulation and toxic stress report: A review of ecological, biological, and developmental studies of self-regulation. (Administration for Children and Families)